The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS; Chinese: ?????), with roots in the Academia Sinica of the Republic of China, is the national academy for the natural sciences of the People's Republic of China. Collectively known as the "Two Academies (??)" along with the Chinese Academy of Engineering, it is an institution of the State Council of China, functioning as the national scientific thinktank and academic governing body, providing advisory and appraisal services on issues stemming from the national economy, social development, and science and technology progress. It is headquartered in Beijing, with branch institutes all over mainland China. It has also created hundreds of commercial enterprises, with Lenovo being one of the most famous.
Organization
The Chinese Academy has its roots from Academia Sinica, founded in 1928 by the Guomindang Nationalist Government. After the Communist Party took control of mainland China, Academia Sinica was renamed Chinese Academy of Sciences. The Chinese Academy of Sciences has six academic divisions:
- Mathematics and Physics (??????)
- Chemistry (???)
- Life Sciences and Medical Sciences (?????????)
- Earth Sciences (???)
- Information Technological Sciences (???????)
- Technological Sciences (?????)
The CAS has thirteen regional branches in Beijing, Shenyang, Changchun, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Kunming, Xi'an, Lanzhou, Hefei and Xinjiang. It has over one hundred institutes and two universities (the University of Science and Technology of China at Hefei, Anhui and the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing). Backed by the institutes of CAS, UCAS is headquartered in Beijing, with graduate education bases in Shanghai, Chengdu, Wuhan, Guangzhou and Lanzhou, four Science Libraries of Chinese Academy of Sciences, three technology support centers and two news and publishing units. These CAS branches and offices are located in 20 provinces and municipalities throughout China. CAS has invested in or created over 430 science- and technology-based enterprises in eleven industries including eight companies listed on stock exchanges.
Being granted a Fellowship of the Academy represents the highest level of national honor for Chinese scientists. The CAS membership system includes Academicians (??), Emeritus Academician (????) and Foreign Academicians (????).
- Current President: Bai Chunli
Chinese Academy Of Medical Sciences Video
Research Reputation and Ranking
Based on the number of papers published in Nature and/or Nature monthly research journals, the Chinese Academy of Science ranks 6th in the world by Nature Publishing Index (2013), by Nature Publishing Group.
List of presidents
- Guo Moruo (???): 1949-1978
- Fang Yi (??): 1979-1981
- Lu Jiaxi (???): 1981-1987
- Zhou Guangzhao (???): 1987-1997
- Lu Yongxiang (???): 1997-2011
- Bai Chunli (???): 2011-incumbent
Research Institutes
- Beijing Branch
- Institute of Physics
- Institute of Theoretical Physics
- Institute of High Energy Physics
- Institute of Biophysics
- Institute of Electronics
- National Astronomical Observatories
- Institute of Computing Technology
- Institute of Software
- Institute of Automation
- Beijing Institute of Genomics
- Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Institute of Policy and Management
- Institute of Psychology
- Changchun Branch
- Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics and Physics
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology
- Changchun Observatory
- Guangzhou Branch
- South China Botanical Garden
- Hefei Branch
- Hefei Institutes of Physical Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Kunming Branch
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Kunming Institute of Zoology
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden
- Institute of Geochemistry
- Yunnan Astronomical Observatory
- Shanghai Branch
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem & Information Technology
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and fine Mechanics
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai
- Shenyang Branch
- Institute of Metal Research
- Shenyang Institute of Automation
- Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, formerly the Institute of Forestry and Pedology
- Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Qingdao Institute of Oceanology
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Wuhan Branch
- Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Wuhan Institute of Virology
- Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Wuhan Botanical Garden
Scientific integrity
On 26 February 2007, the CAS published a Declaration of Scientific Ideology and set up a commission for scientific integrity to promote transparency, autonomy and accountability of scientific research in the country. The Ministry of Science and Technology had at the same time also initiated measures to address misconduct in state-funded programs.
Publications
Together with the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the academy publishes the peer-reviewed academic journal, Science China (also known as Science in China). Science China comprises seven series:
- A: Mathematics
- B: Chemistry
- C: Life Sciences
- D: Earth Sciences
- E: Technological Sciences
- F: Information Sciences
- G: Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy
Awards
Since 1999 the CAS has issued the annual State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, presented by the President of China to the recipient.
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